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Lime render is the first coat of lime "plaster or the like" [1] applied to the external surfaces of traditionally-built stone or brick buildings. It allows the building to 'breathe' – as lime is porous, it allows for the collection and evaporation of moisture .
A stone wall in France with lime mortar grouting being applied. Right: unapplied. Centre: lime mortar applied with a trowel. Left: lime mortar applied and then beaten back and brushed with a churn brush. Lime mortar or torching [1] [2] is a masonry mortar composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water.
Roughcast or pebbledash is a durable coarse plaster surface used on outside walls that consists of lime and sometimes cement mixed with sand, small gravel and often pebbles or shells. [1] The materials are mixed into a slurry and are then thrown at the working surface with a trowel or scoop.
Harling is a rough-cast wall finish consisting of lime and aggregate, known for its rough texture. [1] Many castles and other buildings in Scotland and Ulster have walls finished with harling. It is also used on contemporary buildings, where it protects against the wet Scottish and Ulster climates and eliminates the need for paint.
Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings, exterior walls, and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture.
The lime principally used for internal plastering is that calcined from chalk, oyster shells or other nearly pure limestone, and is known as fat, pure, chalk or rich lime. Hydraulic limes are also used by the plasterer, chiefly for external work.
It is usually not recommended to replace more than 20% of the lime content with cement when rendering the facade, and it is a matter of contention whether adding any concrete is ever appropriate in order to maintain the benefits of lime over concrete. Lime plaster is permeable and allows for the diffusion and evaporation of moisture.
Cement render or cement plaster is the application of a mortar mix of sand and cement, (optionally lime) and water to brick, concrete, stone, or mud brick. It is often textured, colored, or painted after application. It is generally used on exterior walls but can be used to feature an interior wall. [1]