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Mucosal melanoma is a rare condition characterized by a melanoma of the mucous membranes.This subtype is associated a worse prognosis than those arising from the skin. [1]: 696 [2] Mucosal melanomas occur in the head and neck (55%), anorectal (24%) and vulvovaginal region (18%), and in the urinary tract (3%). [3]
Vaginal melanoma accounts 5.5% of all vaginal cancers and only 1% of all melanomas diagnosed in women. [2] Vaginal melanomas are frequently diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. The prognosis is poor and the most important risk factor is the presence of lymph node metastases.
The CDKN2A gene is located on chromosome 9p21.3. Two main transcripts, isoforms '1' and '4', each contain three exons and span 7288 and 26740 bp, respectively. They encode proteins of 156 and 173 amino acids; isoform '1' encodes p16(INK4a), while isoform '4' encodes p14(ARF), a protein that is structurally unrelated to p16(INK4) but acts in cell cycle G1 control by stabilizing the tumor ...
Most melanoma consist of various colours from shades of brown to black. A small number of melanoma are pink, red or fleshy in colour; these are called amelanotic melanoma and tend to be more aggressive. Warning signs of malignant melanoma include change in the size, shape, color or elevation of a mole.
Melanoma symptoms and signs. Melanoma tumors tend to be black or brown, but can sometimes be pink, tan or white. Anyone can get melanoma, but people with light skin are at greater risk. Causes of ...
Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) is a type of skin cancer that typically starts as an irregularly edged dark spot typically on sun-exposed part of the body. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The colour may be variable with dark, light and reddish shades; occasionally no color at all. [ 2 ]
The exact cause of subungual melanomas is not known, but it doesn’t seem to be linked to sun exposure. Having certain characteristics, including an age between 50 to 70, darker skin, and a ...
Colposacropexy is often used for treating vaginal vault prolapse. A Cochrane Collaboration review [ needs update ] found that limited data are available on optimal surgical approaches, including the use of transvaginal surgical mesh devices, in the form of a patch or sling , similar to its implementation for abdominal hernia .