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Pes cavus can occur from four primary causes: neurological conditions, trauma, undertreated clubfoot, or idiopathic with other underlining conditions. [9]Bilateral presentation (i.e., in both feet) often occurs due to a hereditary or congenital source, whereas a unilateral presentation (i.e., in one foot) is often the result of trauma.
The signs and symptoms of Peripheral mononeuropathy and neuropathy vary as a result of the types of individual and/or nerve areas affected. There are three types of nerve damage, including: "motor nerve damage, sensory nerve damage, and autonomic nerve damage". [2]
Peripheral neuropathy may be classified according to the number and distribution of nerves affected (mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, or polyneuropathy), the type of nerve fiber predominantly affected (motor, sensory, autonomic), or the process affecting the nerves; e.g., inflammation (), compression (compression neuropathy), chemotherapy (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy).
Clubfoot is a congenital or acquired defect where one or both feet are rotated inward and downward. [1] [2] Congenital clubfoot is the most common congenital malformation of the foot with an incidence of 1 per 1000 births. [5]
It usually begins in the hands and feet and may progress to the arms and legs and sometimes to other parts of the body where it may affect the autonomic nervous system. It may be acute or chronic. A number of different disorders may cause polyneuropathy, including diabetes and some types of Guillain–Barré syndrome. [4] [5] [6]
Among the signs/symptoms are the following (different symptoms are caused by different nerves, such as the foot drop caused by the peroneal nerve [4]): Other HNPP symptoms can include: Partial hearing loss and facial numbness (cranial nerves can be afflicted by HNPP), intolerable fatigue and pain, sensation loss and muscle weakness in the hands ...
Sensory neuronopathy is diagnosed clinically, based on signs and symptoms, along with nerve conduction studies. [1] Ataxia in the upper and lower extremities at onset or at full development, asymmetric distribution of sensory loss, sensory loss not being restricted to the lower limbs (as in length dependent axonal polyneuropathy) are specific ...
Although counterintuitive, pain is present in many cases despite the neuropathy. Some sort of trauma or microtrauma is thought to initiate the cycle but often patients will not remember because of numbness. Misdiagnosis is common. [1] The goal of treatment is to avoid ulceration, create joint stability, and to maintain a plantigrade foot. [1]