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The sulfonate ion. In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonate is a salt, anion or ester of a sulfonic acid. Its formula is R−S(=O) 2 −O −, containing the functional group −S(=O) 2 −O −, where R is typically an organyl group, amino group or a halogen atom. Sulfonates are the conjugate bases of sulfonic acids.
Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 6 O 3 S.It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid.It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether.
Tosyl group (blue) with a generic "R" group attached Tosylate group with a generic "R" group attached. Note the extra oxygen, compared to plain tosyl. In organic chemistry, a toluenesulfonyl group (tosyl group, abbreviated Ts or Tos [nb 1]) is a univalent functional group with the chemical formula −SO 2 −C 6 H 4 −CH 3.
Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −R′, where there are two double bonds between the sulfur and oxygen. [1]: 53 [2] Sulfonyl groups can be reduced to the sulfide with diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH). Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH 4) reduces some but not all sulfones to sulfides. [1]: 1851
General structure of a sulfonic acid with the functional group indicated in blue. In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O) 2 (OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. [1]
The sulfate ion carries an overall charge of −2 and it is the conjugate base of the bisulfate (or hydrogensulfate) ion, HSO − 4, which is in turn the conjugate base of H 2 SO 4, sulfuric acid. Organic sulfate esters , such as dimethyl sulfate , are covalent compounds and esters of sulfuric acid.
Methanesulfonic acid (MsOH, MSA) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is an organosulfuric, colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH 3 SO 3 H and structure H 3 C−S(=O) 2 −OH. It is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids ( R−S(=O) 2 −OH ).
Fluorosulfonate, in organic chemistry, is a functional group that has the chemical formula F-SO 2-R, and typically is a very good leaving group. In organic chemistry, fluorosulfonate is different than fluorosulfate. In fluorosulfonates, sulfur atom is directly bonded to a non-oxygen atom such as carbon.