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Map of the Cuman-Kipchak state in 1200–1241. The Kipchaks or Qipchaqs, also known as Kipchak Turks or Polovtsians, ... (what is now Turkey), ...
Cuman-Kipchak statue, 12th-13th century, Ukraine. Hence, Cumania diocese became part of the superior archbishopric of Esztergom, determining King Béla IV of Hungary to add "Rex Cumaniae" (King of Cumania) [10] to his titles in 1228, and later to grant asylum to the Cumans in face of the Mongol invasion.
The Kipchak languages (also known as the Kypchak, Qypchaq, Qypshaq or the Northwestern Turkic languages) are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family spoken by approximately 30 million people in much of Central Asia and Eastern Europe, spanning from Ukraine to China.
The Codex Cumanicus is composed of several Cuman–Kipchak dialects. [140] The Cumans' language was a form of Kipchak Turkic and was, until the 14th century, a lingua franca over much of the Eurasian steppes. [141] [142] A number of Cuman–Kipchak–Arabic grammar glossaries appeared in Mamluk lands in the 14th and 15th centuries. It is ...
Gypjak (also known as Kipchak) is a former village that was annexed into the Turkmen capital of Ashgabat in 2013. It is now a neighborhood in Bagtyýarlyk Borough of Ashgabat . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
In his 10th-century work, Ibn Haukal drew a map showing that Kipchak-Kimak tribes together with Oghuzes pastured in the steppes north of the Aral Sea, and al-Masudi at approximately the same time wrote that all of them were coaching along Emba and Yaik. In Middle East, the Cuman–Kipchak country began to be called Desht-i-Kipchak and Cumania. [18]
It is also known as the Kipchak Khanate or the Ulus of Jochi, [a] and replaced the earlier, less organized Cuman–Kipchak confederation. [ 10 ] After the death of Batu Khan (the founder of the Blue Horde ) in 1255, his dynasty flourished for a full century, until 1359, though the intrigues of Nogai instigated a partial civil war in the late 1290s.
The Crimean Khanate, [b] self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, [7] [c] and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, [d] was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441–1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde.