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Cefadroxil is a first-generation cephalosporin antibacterial drug that is the para-hydroxy derivative of cephalexin, and is used similarly in the treatment of mild to moderate susceptible infections such as the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, causing the disease popularly called strep throat or streptococcal tonsillitis, urinary tract infection, reproductive tract infection, and skin infections.
Streak a beta-lysin–producing strain of aureus down the center of a sheep blood agar plate. The test organism streak should be 3 to 4 cm long. Streak test organisms across the plate perpendicular to the S. aureus streak within 2 mm. (Multiple organisms can be tested on a single plate). Incubate at 35°-37°C in ambient air for 18-24 hours.
have had group B streptococcal colonization, bacteriuria, or infection in a previous pregnancy, and have not had a negative test for group B streptococcus by enrichment culture or PCR on a rectovaginal swab sample collected between 35 and 37 weeks' gestation or 3-5 weeks before the anticipated delivery date in the current pregnancy or
Ceftaroline fosamil / s ɛ f ˈ t ær oʊ l iː n /, brand name Teflaro in the US and Zinforo in Europe, [1] [2] is a cephalosporin antibiotic with anti-MRSA activity. [3] Ceftaroline fosamil is a prodrug of ceftaroline. It is active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other Gram-positive bacteria.
Cefazolin has been shown to be effective in treating methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) but does not work in cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). [8] In many instances of staphylococcal infections, such as bacteremia, cefazolin is an alternative to penicillin in patients who are allergic to penicillin. [9]
Maternal infections account for 2 to 4% of all clinically diagnosed S. pyogenes infections. [9] The risk of sepsis is relatively high compared to other bacterial infections acquired during pregnancy, and S. pyogenes is a leading cause of septic shock and death in pregnant and postpartum women. [10]
However, like methicillin, it is less potent than benzylpenicillin against non-β-lactamase-producing Gram-positive bacteria. [ citation needed ] Flucloxacillin has similar pharmacokinetics , antibacterial activity, and indications to dicloxacillin, and the two agents are considered interchangeable.
Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus). It is a beta-hemolytic, catalase-negative, and facultative anaerobe. [1] [2]
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