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Irreligion in France has a long history and a large demographic constitution, with the advancement of atheism and the deprecation of theistic religion dating back as far as the French Revolution. In 2015, according to estimates, at least 29% of the country's population identifies as atheists and 63% identifies as non-religious.
Of the developed nations, people in the United States were "most sure" of the existence of God or a higher power (2% atheist, 4% agnostic), while France had the most skeptics (19% atheist, 16% agnostic). On the religion question, South Korea had the greatest percentage without a religion (41%) while Italy had the smallest (5%). [57]
Criticism of atheism is criticism of the concepts, validity, or impact of atheism, including associated political and social implications.Criticisms include positions based on the history of science, philosophical and logical criticisms, findings in both the natural and social sciences, theistic apologetic arguments, arguments pertaining to ethics and morality, the effects of atheism on the ...
Sikhism has nearly 700,000 adherents in Europe. Most of the community live in United Kingdom (450,000) and Italy (100,000). [123] [124] Around 10,000 Sikhs live in Belgium and France. [125] Netherlands and Germany have a Sikh population of 22,000. [126] [127] All other countries, such as Greece, have 5,000 or fewer Sikhs.
Following the Soviet occupation of Estonia, religion was largely eradicated from public life. State atheism was enforced, but it was of relatively low priority for the Communist government in Estonia, and religion was not a major issue during Soviet occupation. In contrast to Soviet atheism, anti-Communist atheists were also active at the time. [3]
[15]: 59 This is especially the case where religion has very deep-seated religious roots in a culture, such as with Christianity in Europe, Islam in the Middle East, Hinduism in India, and Buddhism in South-east Asia. [15]: 59 For instance, Scandinavian countries have among the highest measures of nonreligiosity and even atheism in Europe.
Humanists UK is the most prominent organisation espousing irreligion in the United Kingdom. [33] [citation needed] The organisation reported recent polling suggesting that the population with no religion may have reached 34 million. [34] In 2023, research from the World Value Survey found that only 49% of Britons said they believed in God.
Atheists (25% of Dutch people) see the most harm in religion. Of this group, 88% agreed that religion does more harm than good. The study showed that the more faithful someone is, the less likely that person is to believe religion does more harm than good. Of the faithful, 21% believe that religion has a more damaging than beneficial effect.