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  2. Necessity and sufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency

    It may be the case that several sufficient conditions, when taken together, constitute a single necessary condition (i.e., individually sufficient and jointly necessary), as illustrated in example 5. Example 1 "John is a king" implies that John is male. So knowing that John is a king is sufficient to knowing that he is a male. Example 2

  3. Judgment notwithstanding verdict - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgment_notwithstanding...

    The reversal of a jury's verdict by a judge occurs when the judge believes that there were insufficient facts on which to base the jury's verdict or that the verdict did not correctly apply the law. That procedure is similar to a situation in which a judge orders a jury to arrive at a particular verdict, called a directed verdict. A judgment ...

  4. Brief (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brief_(law)

    A brief contains a concise summary for the information of counsel of the case which the barrister has to plead, with all material facts in chronological order, and frequently such observations thereon as the solicitor may think fit to make, the names of witnesses, with the "proofs," that is, the nature of the evidence which each witness is ...

  5. Burden of proof (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(law)

    The evidential burden is the burden to adduce sufficient evidence to properly raise an issue at court. There is no burden of proof with regard to motive or animus in criminal cases in the United States. The intent surrounding an offense is nevertheless crucial to the elements of the offense in a first-degree-murder conviction. [8]

  6. Foundation (evidence) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(evidence)

    In common law, a foundation is sufficient preliminary evidence of the authenticity and relevance for the admission of material evidence in the form of exhibits or testimony of witnesses. Although the word "Foundation" does not appear in the Federal Rules of Evidence, scholars have argued that its existence is displayed, albeit implicitly, when ...

  7. Underdetermination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdetermination

    Only evidence of that type is relevant to believing one of these conclusions. Therefore, there is no evidence for believing one among the rival conclusions. The first premise makes the claim that a theory is underdetermined. The second says that rational decision (i.e. using available evidence) depends upon insufficient evidence.

  8. Evidence (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_(law)

    The quantum of evidence is the amount of evidence needed; the quality of proof is how reliable such evidence should be considered. Important rules that govern admissibility concern hearsay , authentication , relevance , privilege , witnesses , opinions , expert testimony , identification and rules of physical evidence .

  9. Huddleston v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huddleston_v._United_States

    Huddleston v. United States, 485 U.S. 681 (1988), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that before admitting evidence of extrinsic acts under Rule 404(b) of the Federal Rules of Evidence, federal courts should assess the evidence's sufficiency under Federal Rule of Evidence 104(b). Under 104(b), "[w]hen the relevancy of ...