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In chemistry, a halide (rarely halogenide [1]) is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, astatide, or theoretically tennesside compound.
In chemistry, hydrogen halides (hydrohalic acids when in the aqueous phase) are diatomic, inorganic compounds that function as Arrhenius acids. The formula is HX where X is one of the halogens: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, or tennessine. [1] All known hydrogen halides are gases at standard temperature and pressure. [2]
In one important reaction type, a main group organometallic compound of the type R-M (where R = organic group, M = main group centre metal atom) reacts with an organic halide of the type R'-X with formation of a new carbon-carbon bond in the product R-R'. The most common type of coupling reaction is the cross coupling reaction.
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. [1] This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging.
The leaving group X in the organic partner is usually a halide, although triflate, tosylate, pivalate esters, and other pseudohalides have been used. [15] Chloride is an ideal group due to the low cost of organochlorine compounds. Frequently, however, C–Cl bonds are too inert, and bromide or iodide leaving groups are required for acceptable ...
Halide ligands may also be displaced by the alkali salt of an X-type ligand, such as a salen-type ligand. [10] This reaction is formally a transmetallation, and the abstraction of the halide is driven by the precipitation of the resultant alkali halide in an organic solvent. The alkali halides generally have very high lattice energies.
An acyl halide (also known as an acid halide) is a chemical compound derived from an oxoacid [1] by replacing a hydroxyl group (−OH) with a halide group (−X, where X is a halogen). [ 2 ] In organic chemistry , the term typically refers to acyl halides of carboxylic acids ( −C(=O)OH ), which contain a −C(=O)X functional group consisting ...
General structure of a vinyl halide, where X is a halogen and R is a variable group. In organic chemistry, a vinyl halide is a compound with the formula CH 2 =CHX (X = halide). The term vinyl is often used to describe any alkenyl group. For this reason, alkenyl halides with the formula RCH=CHX are sometimes called vinyl halides.