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Diffusion-prepared pseudocontinuous ASL (DP-pCASL) is a more recent ASL variant sequence that magnetically labels water molecules and measures their movement across the blood-brain barrier complex, which allows for the calculation of the water exchange rate (kw). [10] [11] kw is used as a surrogate for BBB function and permeability. Water ...
Once the desired blood vessel is found, blood flow velocities may be measured with a pulsed Doppler effect probe, which graphs velocities over time. Together, these make a duplex test . The second method of recording uses only the second probe function, relying instead on the training and experience of the clinician in finding the correct vessels.
Blood flow is one the most important factors affecting the delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to tissues. Abnormal blood flow is associated with many diseases such as stroke and cancer. Tumors from cancer can generate abnormal tumor blood flow compared to the surrounding tissue. Current treatments attempt to decrease blood flow to cancer cells.
Brain positron emission tomography is a form of positron emission tomography (PET) that is used to measure brain metabolism and the distribution of exogenous radiolabeled chemical agents throughout the brain. PET measures emissions from radioactively labeled metabolically active chemicals that have been injected into the bloodstream.
Keeping a sense of balance requires the brain to process a variety of information received from the eyes, the nervous system, and the inner ears. If the brain is unable to process these signals, such as when the messages are contradictory, or if the sensory systems are improperly functioning, an individual may experience lightheadedness or ...
To prevent embolism (either due to blood clot or air embolism, "double flush" and "wet connect" techniques are used. [8] In "double flush" technique, a saline syringe is used to aspirate blood from the catheter. Then, a second heparinised saline syringe is used to flush the catheter. [13] "Wet connect" is the technique that connects syringe to ...
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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system, thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood. [1]