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  2. Markov property - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_property

    The term Markov assumption is used to describe a model where the Markov property is assumed to hold, such as a hidden Markov model. A Markov random field extends this property to two or more dimensions or to random variables defined for an interconnected network of items. [1] An example of a model for such a field is the Ising model.

  3. Hockett's design features - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockett's_design_features

    He called these characteristics the design features of language. Hockett originally believed there to be 13 design features. While primate communication utilizes the first 9 features, the final 4 features ( displacement , productivity , cultural transmission , and duality ) are reserved for humans.

  4. Information theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_theory

    A memoryless source is one in which each message is an independent identically distributed random variable, whereas the properties of ergodicity and stationarity impose less restrictive constraints. All such sources are stochastic. These terms are well studied in their own right outside information theory.

  5. Redundancy (information theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy_(information...

    (This formula is sometimes called the Hartley function.) This is the maximum possible rate of information that can be transmitted with that alphabet. (The logarithm should be taken to a base appropriate for the unit of measurement in use.) The absolute rate is equal to the actual rate if the source is memoryless and has a uniform distribution.

  6. Memorylessness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorylessness

    The memorylessness property asserts that the number of previously failed trials has no effect on the number of future trials needed for a success. Geometric random variables can also be defined as taking values in N 0 {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} _{0}} , which describes the number of failed trials before the first success in a sequence of ...

  7. Minimalist program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalist_program

    English is a left-headed language, such that the element on the left is the head; Japanese is a right-headed language, such that the element on the right is the head. Merge (a critical operation in MP) can account for the patterns of word-combination, and more specifically word-order, observed in children's first language acquisition .

  8. Language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language

    Some of the properties that define human language as opposed to other communication systems are: the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign, meaning that there is no predictable connection between a linguistic sign and its meaning; the duality of the linguistic system, meaning that linguistic structures are built by combining elements into larger ...

  9. Morphology (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)

    [clarification needed] For Hockett, morphemes are "meaning elements", not "form elements". For him, there is a morpheme plural using allomorphs such as -s , -en and -ren . Within much morpheme-based morphological theory, the two views are mixed in unsystematic ways so a writer may refer to "the morpheme plural" and "the morpheme -s " in the ...