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In Computers and Intractability [8]: 226 Garey and Johnson list the bin packing problem under the reference [SR1]. They define its decision variant as follows. Instance: Finite set of items, a size () + for each , a positive integer bin capacity , and a positive integer .
Boundary elements solver: Yes No Yes Existing but without multipole acceleration (not usable for large problems) No Use multiple meshes: Yes including different dimensions and taking account of any transformation. Yes, autorefined from same initial mesh for each variable of a coupled problem
The partition problem is NP hard. This can be proved by reduction from the subset sum problem. [6] An instance of SubsetSum consists of a set S of positive integers and a target sum T; the goal is to decide if there is a subset of S with sum exactly T.
JaCoP is a constraint solver for constraint satisfaction problems. It is written in Java and it is provided as a Java library. JaCoP has an interface to the MiniZinc and AMPL modeling languages. Its main focus is on ease of use, modeling power, as well as efficiency.
Given a transformation between input and output values, described by a mathematical function, optimization deals with generating and selecting the best solution from some set of available alternatives, by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set, computing the output of the function and recording the best output values found during the process.
The solver can be built using Visual Studio, a makefile or using CMake and runs on Windows, FreeBSD, Linux, and macOS. The default input format for Z3 is SMTLIB2. It also has officially supported bindings for several programming languages, including C, C++, Python, .NET, Java, and OCaml. [5]
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) on Wednesday warned that credit card companies devaluing or canceling reward points, cash back or miles rewards programs may be breaking the law.
The following is the skeleton of a generic branch and bound algorithm for minimizing an arbitrary objective function f. [3] To obtain an actual algorithm from this, one requires a bounding function bound, that computes lower bounds of f on nodes of the search tree, as well as a problem-specific branching rule.