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Long short-term memory (LSTM) [1] is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN) aimed at mitigating the vanishing gradient problem [2] commonly encountered by traditional RNNs. Its relative insensitivity to gap length is its advantage over other RNNs, hidden Markov models , and other sequence learning methods.
Connectionist temporal classification (CTC) is a type of neural network output and associated scoring function, for training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) such as LSTM networks to tackle sequence problems where the timing is variable.
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a class of artificial neural network commonly used for sequential data processing. Unlike feedforward neural networks, which process data in a single pass, RNNs process data across multiple time steps, making them well-adapted for modelling and processing text, speech, and time series.
Gated recurrent units (GRUs) are a gating mechanism in recurrent neural networks, introduced in 2014 by Kyunghyun Cho et al. [1] The GRU is like a long short-term memory (LSTM) with a gating mechanism to input or forget certain features, [2] but lacks a context vector or output gate, resulting in fewer parameters than LSTM. [3]
The standard LSTM architecture was introduced in 2000 by Felix Gers, Schmidhuber, and Fred Cummins. [20] Today's "vanilla LSTM" using backpropagation through time was published with his student Alex Graves in 2005, [21] [22] and its connectionist temporal classification (CTC) training algorithm [23] in 2006. CTC was applied to end-to-end speech ...
A construction worker who murdered his 76-year-old former employer in a frenzied tool attack faces a life sentence in prison for his crimes.. Heber Enoc Diaz, 27, of Pasadena, was convicted as ...
A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]
WASHINGTON (Reuters) -Donald Trump has tapped Keith Kellogg, a retired lieutenant general who presented him with a plan to end the war in Ukraine, to serve as a special envoy for the conflict, the ...