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The amphoteric hydroxide Al(OH) 3 has four major crystalline forms: gibbsite (most stable), bayerite, nordstrandite, and doyleite. [ note 7 ] All these polymorphs are built up of double layers of hydroxide ions – the aluminium atoms on two-thirds of the octahedral holes between the two layers – and differ only in the stacking sequence of ...
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry , alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups.
When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3. If a higher priority group is present (such as an aldehyde , ketone , or carboxylic acid ), then the prefix hydroxy- is used, [ 19 ] e.g., as in 1-hydroxy-2 ...
Laboratory-scale preparation; Different methods of synthesis/production may merit full-fledged subheadings. Even articles about compounds that are normally extracted from minerals (e.g. molybdenum disulfide) should ideally have a laboratory route to the same compound. Mention should be made if a compound is routinely available commercially.
Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and chemical formula HO−C(=O)−C(=O)−OH, also written as (COOH) 2 or (CO 2 H) 2 or H 2 C 2 O 4. It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water.
If a prefix form is required, "oxo-" is used (as for ketones), with the position number indicating the end of a chain: CHOCH 2 COOH is 3-oxopropanoic acid. If the carbon in the carbonyl group cannot be included in the attached chain (for instance in the case of cyclic aldehydes ), the prefix "formyl-" or the suffix "-carbaldehyde" is used: C 6 ...
Avoid the use of <chem> and <math chem> markup notations: the plain-text character set is adequate for most chemical equations; the change in size and font form is jarring to the reader. The <ce> tag is a deprecated synonym for <chem>; see Help:Displaying a formula#Chemistry. Ionic equations are preferred to the
R 2 C=O + [NH 3 OH]Cl → R 2 C=N−OH + NaCl + H 2 O (in NaOH solution) This reaction is useful in the purification of ketones and aldehydes: if hydroxylamine is added to an aldehyde or ketone in solution, an oxime forms, which generally precipitates from solution; heating the precipitate with an inorganic acid then restores the original ...