Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Sulfate attack typically happens to ground floor slabs in contact with soils containing a source of sulfates. [2] Sulfates dissolved by ground moisture migrate into the concrete of the slab where they react with different mineral phases of the hardened cement paste. The attack arises from soils containing SO 2−
Example of secondary efflorescence in parking garage exposed to diluted road salt from vehicles entering the garage during winter. When water flows through cracks present in concrete, water may dissolve various minerals present in the hardened cement paste or in the aggregates, if the solution is unsaturated with respect to them.
Primary efflorescence is named such, as it typically occurs during the initial cure of a cementitious product. It often occurs on masonry construction, particularly brick, as well as some firestop mortars, when water moving through a wall or other structure, or water being driven out as a result of the heat of hydration as cement stone is being formed, brings salts to the surface that are not ...
Reemtsma cigarette factory in Hamburg by Fritz Höger A piece of vitrified brick. Clinker bricks are partially-vitrified bricks used in the construction of buildings.. Clinker bricks are produced when wet clay bricks are exposed to excessive heat during the firing process, sintering the surface of the brick and forming a shiny, dark-colored coating.
A historic brick building in Germany covered with EIFS on the right side. Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) is a general class of non-load bearing building cladding systems that provides exterior walls with an insulated, water-resistant, finished surface in an integrated composite material system.
An affected gastropod shell (a juvenile Agathistoma) from a museum collection. Byne's disease, more accurately known as Bynesian decay, is a peculiar and permanently damaging condition resulting from an ongoing chemical reaction which often attacks mollusk shells and other calcareous specimens that are in storage or on display for long periods of time.
Masonry walls are built with a damp-proof course to prevent rising damp, and the concrete in foundations needs to be damp-proofed or waterproofed with a liquid coating, basement waterproofing membrane (even under the concrete slab floor where polyethylene sheeting is commonly used), or an additive to the concrete.
If NaOH is clearly deficient in the system under consideration (soda lime or alkali-silica reaction), it is formally possible to write the same reactions sets by simply replacing the CO 3 2-anions by HCO 3 − and the SiO 3 2-anions by HSiO 3 −, the principle of catalysis remaining the same, even if the number of intermediate species differs.