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Emotional prosody or affective prosody is the various paralinguistic aspects of language use that convey emotion. [1] It includes an individual's tone of voice in speech that is conveyed through changes in pitch, loudness, timbre, speech rate, and pauses.
Chapters 2–11 explore those emotions useful to a rhetorical speaker. Aristotle describes how to arouse these emotions in an audience so that a speaker might be able to produce the desired action successfully. [1]: II.2.27 Aristotle arranges the discussion of the emotions in opposing pairs, such as anger and calmness or friendliness and enmity.
An emotion, elicited via emotive language, may form a prima facie reason for action, but further work is required before one can obtain a considered reason. [ 2 ] Emotive arguments and loaded language are particularly persuasive because they exploit the human weakness for acting immediately based upon an emotional response, without such further ...
Prosody is also important in signalling emotions and attitudes. When this is involuntary (as when the voice is affected by anxiety or fear), the prosodic information is not linguistically significant. However, when the speaker varies their speech intentionally, for example to indicate sarcasm, this usually involves the use of prosodic features.
As such, emotions have specific causes and effects" (Book 2.1.2–3). [5] Aristotle identifies pathos as one of the three essential modes of proof by his statement that "to understand the emotions—that is, to name them and describe them, to know their causes and the way in which they are excited (1356a24–1356a25). [6]
Unconscious (or intuitive) communication is the subtle, unintentional, unconscious cues that provide information to another individual. It can be verbal (speech patterns, physical activity while speaking, or the tone of voice of an individual) [1] [2] or it can be non-verbal (facial expressions and body language [2]).
For instance, emotional expression through writing can help people better understand their feelings, and subsequently regulate their emotions or adjust their actions. [48] In research by James W. Pennebaker , people who observed a traumatic death showed more improvements in physical health and subjective well-being after writing about their ...
Another area within affective computing is the design of computational devices proposed to exhibit either innate emotional capabilities or that are capable of convincingly simulating emotions. Emotional speech processing recognizes the user's emotional state by analyzing speech patterns.