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The second leading cause of global disability burden in 2020 was unipolar depression, and research showed that depression was twice as likely to be prevalent in women than in men. [9] [10] [13] Gender-based mental health disparities suggest that gender is a factor that could be leading to unequal health outcomes. [14]
The study of mental health in the Middle East is an area of research that continues to grow in its scope and content. [1] As of May 10, 2019, WHO study shows over 70 countries and territories across six regions, including Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, the occupied Palestinian territory, Qatar, Syria, Tunisia, the UAE, and Yemen, have prioritized coverage of mental health conditions.
The risk factors [110] for treatment resistant depression are: the duration of the episode of depression, severity of the episode, if bipolar, lack of improvement in symptoms within the first couple of treatment weeks, anxious or avoidant and borderline comorbidity and old age. Treatment resistant depression is best handled with a combination ...
Population studies have consistently shown major depression to be about twice as common in women as in men, although it is not yet clear why this is so. [7] The relative increase in occurrence is related to pubertal development rather than chronological age, reaches adult ratios between the ages of 15 and 18, and appears associated with psychosocial more than hormonal factors.
The history of the medications used in mental disorders has developed a lot through years. The discovery of modern drugs prevailed during the 20th century. Lithium, a mood stabilizer, was discovered as a treatment of mania, by John F. Cade in 1949, "and Hammond (1871) used lithium bromide for 'acute mania with depression'". [14]
Despite its prevalence, little is understood about depression in South African women. [18] This is a result of the laws of apartheid and the inadequate psychological services that followed, as well as factors such as under-reporting, misdiagnosis, language barriers and cultural differences.
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