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This theorem can be used to prove Lagrange's four-square theorem, which states that all natural numbers can be written as a sum of four squares. Gauss [ 10 ] pointed out that the four squares theorem follows easily from the fact that any positive integer that is 1 or 2 mod 4 is a sum of 3 squares, because any positive integer not divisible by 4 ...
Jacobi's four-square theorem (number theory) Jacobson density theorem (ring theory) Jacobson–Bourbaki theorem ; Jacobson–Morozov theorem (Lie algebra) Japanese theorem for concyclic polygons (Euclidean geometry) Japanese theorem for concyclic quadrilaterals (Euclidean geometry) John ellipsoid ; Jordan curve theorem
Proof without words of the Nicomachus theorem (Gulley (2010)) that the sum of the first n cubes is the square of the n th triangular number. In mathematics, a proof without words (or visual proof) is an illustration of an identity or mathematical statement which can be demonstrated as self-evident by a diagram without any accompanying explanatory text.
In mathematics, certain kinds of mistaken proof are often exhibited, and sometimes collected, as illustrations of a concept called mathematical fallacy.There is a distinction between a simple mistake and a mathematical fallacy in a proof, in that a mistake in a proof leads to an invalid proof while in the best-known examples of mathematical fallacies there is some element of concealment or ...
It is known that the prime number theorem gives an accurate count of the primes within short intervals, either unconditionally [5] or based on the Riemann hypothesis, [6] but the lengths of the intervals for which this has been proven are longer than the intervals between consecutive squares, too long to prove Legendre's conjecture.
Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares is strongly related with the theory of Gaussian primes. A Gaussian integer is a complex number + such that a and b are integers. The norm (+) = + of a Gaussian integer is an integer equal to the square of the absolute value of the Gaussian integer. The norm of a product of Gaussian integers is the product ...
Leonard Eugene Dickson (January 22, 1874 – January 17, 1954) was an American mathematician.He was one of the first American researchers in abstract algebra, in particular the theory of finite fields and classical groups, and is also remembered for a three-volume history of number theory, History of the Theory of Numbers.
1.9. The diagonal of a square produces double the area [of the square]. [...] 1.12. The areas [of the squares] produced separately by the lengths of the breadth of a rectangle together equal the area [of the square] produced by the diagonal. 1.13. This is observed in rectangles having sides 3 and 4, 12 and 5, 15 and 8, 7 and 24, 12 and 35, 15 ...