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Some sources cite that the pectinate muscles are useful in increasing the power of contraction without increasing heart mass substantially. [citation needed] Pectinate muscles of the atria are different from the trabeculae carneae, which are found on the inner walls of both ventricles.
The crista terminalis provides the origin for the pectinate muscles. [citation needed] The sinoatrial node is located in the superior part of the crista terminalis at the junction of the right atrium, and superior vena cava. [2]: 60
The right atrial appendage is a pouch-like extension of the right atrium and is covered by a trabecula network of pectinate muscles. The interatrial septum separates the right atrium from the left atrium; this is marked by a depression in the right atrium – the fossa ovalis. The atria are depolarised by calcium. [6]
The trabeculae carneae and the papillary muscles make up a significant percentage of the ventricular mass in the heart (12-17% in normal human adult hearts), and are correlated with ventricular end diastolic volume. [5] Trabeculae ratios of capillary-to myocyte differ between the walls of the right and left ventricle.
The appendage of the left atrium is a narrow, finger-like entity that contains small pectinate muscles. Its small orifice lies anterior of the left superior pulmonary vein and lateral to the mitral valve. The tip of the appendage can be found in various positions. [20]
The moderator band (also known as septomarginal trabecula [1]) is a band of cardiac muscle found in the right ventricle of the heart. [2] [3] [4] It is well-marked in sheep and some other animals, including humans. It extends from the base of the anterior papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve to the ventricular septum. [2]
The sinus venarum (also known as the sinus of the vena cava, or sinus venarum cavarum [1]) is the portion of the right atrium in the adult human heart [2] where the inner surface [3] of the right atrium is smooth, [2] [3] whereas the rest of the inner surface is rough [3] (trabeculated [2]) due to the presence of pectinate muscles. [4]
Pectinate may refer to: Pectinate line , a line which divides the upper two thirds and lower third of the anal canal Pectinate muscles , parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart