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The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines social determinants of health as "life-enhancing resources. In the realm of public health, the concept of social determinants of health (SDOH) has emerged as a crucial framework for comprehending the myriad factors that influence an individual’s well-being.
These are "health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies and interventions". [1] A priority considered important in achieving the aim of population health is to reduce health inequities or disparities among different population groups due to, among other factors, the social determinants of health (SDOH).
Health geography is the application of geographical information, perspectives, and methods to the study of health, disease, and health care. Medical geography , a sub-discipline of, or sister field of health geography, [ 1 ] focuses on understanding spatial patterns of health and disease in relation to the natural and social environment.
The World Health Organization defines the social determinants of health as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age" , [7] conditions that are determined by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels. [7] There are two main determinants of health: structural and proximal ...
The sociology of health and illness, sociology of health and wellness, or health sociology examines the interaction between society and health. As a field of study it is interested in all aspects of life, including contemporary as well as historical influences, that impact and alter health and wellbeing. [1] [2]
Although health research is often organized by disease categories or organ systems, theoretical development in social epidemiology is typically organized around factors that influence health (i.e., health determinants rather than health outcomes). Many social factors are thought to be relevant for a wide range of health domains.
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". [1] [2] Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health. [3]
Health equity arises from access to the social determinants of health, specifically from wealth, power and prestige. [1] Individuals who have consistently been deprived of these three determinants are significantly disadvantaged from health inequities, and face worse health outcomes than those who are able to access certain resources.