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Rail subsidies vary in both size and how they are distributed, with some countries funding the infrastructure and others funding trains and their operators, while others have a mixture of both. Subsidies can be used for either investment in upgrades and new lines, or to keep lines running that create economic growth.
The Commission for Railway Regulation (CRR) (Irish: An Coimisiún um Rialáil Iarnróid, CRI), formerly the Railway Safety Commission (Irish: Coimisiún Sábháilteachta Iarnróid, CSI) is the regulator for Irish rail networks. It is an agency of the Republic of Ireland government, and its head office is in Temple House in Blackrock. [1]
Transport Infrastructure Ireland (Irish: Bonneagar Iompair Éireann) is a state agency in Ireland, dealing with road and public transport infrastructure. The body was established in 2015 from a merger of the Railway Procurement Agency into the National Roads Authority, with the latter being assigned the new operational name of Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII).
Rail services can be unprofitable even on major routes, and government subsidies are sometimes offered through PSO. This has been very popular in Germany . Most cities subsidize their public transport , and in places where the transport is provided by private companies, that may be awarded through PSO.
ORR also regulates High Speed 1, the Channel Tunnel, and also acts as the appeal body, controls the network statement and monitors the competitive situation of rail services in Northern Ireland. It is the competition authority for the railways and enforces consumer protection law in relation to the railways.
The Single European Railway Directive 2012 is an EU Directive that regulates railway networks in European Union law.This recast the First Railway Directive 91/440/EEC and consolidates legislation from each of the first to the fourth "Package" from 1991 to 2016, [1] and allows open access operations on railway lines by companies other than those that own the rail infrastructure.
Network Rail pleaded guilty and were fined £4.1 million including legal costs. [109] [110] In December 2005, two young girls were killed by a train as they were crossing the railway line via a pedestrian level crossing at Elsenham in Essex. Network Rail was prosecuted for breaching health and safety law and fined £1 million in March 2012. The ...
Until 2013, Ireland was the only European Union state that had not implemented EU Directive 91/440 and related legislation, having derogated from its obligation to split train operations and infrastructure businesses, and allow open access by private companies to the rail network. A consultation on the restructuring of Iarnród Éireann took ...