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Expressed in terms of components with respect to a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system, the governing equations of linear elasticity are: [1]. Equation of motion: , + = where the (), subscript is a shorthand for () / and indicates /, = is the Cauchy stress tensor, is the body force density, is the mass density, and is the displacement.
Compatibility conditions are particular cases of integrability conditions and were first derived for linear elasticity by Barré de Saint-Venant in 1864 and proved rigorously by Beltrami in 1886. [1] In the continuum description of a solid body we imagine the body to be composed of a set of infinitesimal volumes or material points.
Hooke's equation holds (to some extent) in many other situations where an elastic body is deformed, such as wind blowing on a tall building, and a musician plucking a string of a guitar. An elastic body or material for which this equation can be assumed is said to be linear-elastic or Hookean.
Homogeneous isotropic linear elastic materials have their elastic properties uniquely determined by any two moduli among these; thus, given any two, any other of the elastic moduli can be calculated according to these formulas, provided both for 3D materials (first part of the table) and for 2D materials (second part). 3D formulae
Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer's beam theory or classical beam theory) [1] is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity which provides a means of calculating the load-carrying and deflection characteristics of beams. It covers the case corresponding to small deflections of a beam that is subjected to lateral ...
Linear elasticity is used widely in the design and analysis of structures such as beams, plates and shells, and sandwich composites. This theory is also the basis of much of fracture mechanics . Hyperelasticity is primarily used to determine the response of elastomer -based objects such as gaskets and of biological materials such as soft ...
In linear elasticity, the equations describing the deformation of an elastic body subject only to surface forces (or body forces that could be expressed as potentials) on the boundary are (using index notation) the equilibrium equation:
This region of deformation is known as the linearly elastic region. It is most common for analysts in solid mechanics to use linear material models, due to ease of computation. However, real materials often exhibit non-linear behavior. As new materials are used and old ones are pushed to their limits, non-linear material models are becoming ...
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