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Myrrh (/ m ɜːr /; from an unidentified ancient Semitic language, see § Etymology) is a gum-resin extracted from a few small, thorny tree species of the Commiphora genus, belonging to the Burseraceae family. [1]
Commiphora myrrha, called myrrh, [1] African myrrh, [1] herabol myrrh, [1] Somali myrrhor, [1] common myrrh, [3] is a tree in the family Burseraceae. It is one of the primary trees used in the production of myrrh , a resin made from dried tree sap .
The Latin Myrrha originated from the Ancient Greek múrrā, but, ultimately, the word is of Semitic origin, with roots in the Arabic murr, the Hebrew mōr, and the Aramaic mūrā, all meaning "bitter" [4] as well as referring to the plant. [5] [6] Regarding smyrna, the word is a Greek dialectic form of myrrha. [7]
Articles relating to myrrh, a gum-resin extracted from a number of small, thorny tree species of the genus Commiphora. [1] Myrrh resin has been used throughout history as a perfume, incense and medicine. Myrrh mixed with posca or wine was common across ancient cultures, for general pleasure, and as an analgesic
The frankincense and myrrh trees were crucial to the economy of Yemen and were recognized as a source of wealth by its rulers. [8] Recent exploration discovered an ancient trade route through eastern Yemen in the Mahra region. [9] Tiglath-Pileser III attacked Gaza in order to control trade along the Incense Route. [10]
The inscriptions depict a trading group bringing back myrrh trees, sacks of myrrh, elephant tusks, incense, gold, various fragmented wood, and exotic animals. Detailed information about these two nations is sparse, and there are many theories concerning their locations and the ethnic relationships of their peoples.
A landscape of Punt, showing several houses on stilts, two fruiting date palms, three myrrh trees, a bird (Hedydipna metallica), a cow, an unidentified fish and a turtle, in water which in the original was green to show that it is salt or tidal, [14] in a sketch from the walls of the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri, depicting a royal expedition to Punt
In China, seeds likely used for herbalism have been found in the archaeological sites of Bronze Age China dating from the Shang dynasty. [15] The mythological Chinese emperor Shennong is said to have written the first Chinese pharmacopoeia , the " Shennong Ben Cao Jing ".