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The shrimp-farming industry has developed several broodstocks of both P. stylirostris and P. vannamei that are resistant against IHHN infection. [1] The disease is caused by a single-stranded DNA virus of the species Decapod pestylhamaparvovirus 1, earlier known as IHHN virus, the smallest of the known penaeid shrimp viruses (22 nm). [2]
White spot syndrome (WSS) is a viral infection of penaeid shrimp.The disease is highly lethal and contagious, killing shrimp quickly. Outbreaks of this disease have wiped out the entire populations of many shrimp farms within a few days, in places throughout the world.
Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (NHP), is also known as Texas necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (TNHP), Texas pond mortality syndrome (TPMS) and Peru necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (PNHP), [1] is a lethal epizootic disease of farmed shrimp. It is not very well researched yet, but generally assumed to be caused by a bacterial infection.
These signs were accompanied by mortalities, which reached up to 50-100% of an affected population of P. merguiensis within 4-8 weeks of disease onset. [1] [13] Soon after, cultured populations of four shrimp species from four separate culture facilities in Asia were found to be adversely affected by a disease of presumed viral etiology. [13]
Taura syndrome (TS) is one of the more devastating diseases affecting the shrimp farming industry worldwide. It was first described in Ecuador during the summer of 1992. In March 1993, it returned as a major epidemic and was the object of extensive media coverage.
Yellowhead disease (YHD) is a viral infection of shrimp and prawn, in particular of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), one of the two major species of farmed shrimp.The disease is caused by the Yellow head virus genotype 1 (YHV1), a positive-strand RNA virus related to coronaviruses and arteriviruses.
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Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth.