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The LINC system created 3rd GL COBOL (application), DMSII (database definition), NDLII (network description), and WFL (job control) source code. The job control statements were themselves subsequently run to compile the other elements and create an integrated system of database, applications, and user terminal network.
Typing discipline: Weak, static: Filename extensions.cbl, .cob, .cpy: Major implementations; GnuCOBOL, IBM COBOL, Micro Focus Visual COBOL: Dialects; COBOL/2, DEC COBOL-10, DEC PDP-11 COBOL, DEC PDP-11 COBOL-85, DEC VAX COBOL, DOSVS COBOL, Envyr ICOBOL, Fujitsu COBOL, Hitachi COBOL2002, HP3000 COBOL/II, IBM COBOL SAA, IBM COBOL/400, IBM COBOL/II, IBM Enterprise COBOL, IBM ILE COBOL, IBM OS/VS ...
Use of IBM COBOL was so widespread that Capex Corporation, an independent software vendor, made a post-code generation phase object code optimizer for it. [3] The Capex Optimizer became a quite successful product. [4] Although the IBM COBOL Compiler Family web site [5] only mentions AIX, Linux, and z/OS, IBM still offers COBOL on z/VM and z/VSE.
Some of the variants are encoded directly in the instruction format (partial word references) and some are dependent on Processor State Register settings. Many instructions also perform very complex functions such as one that implements a large part of the COBOL EDIT verb. The above figure shows some of the building blocks of the architecture.
FORTRAN and COBOL were soon added. Ada was added later. The currently supported languages include COBOL, [2] FORTRAN, [3] C, [4] and PLUS. [5] PLUS, Programming Language for Unisys (originally UNIVAC) Systems, is a block structured language somewhat similar to Pascal which it predates. [6]
COBOL 61 (implementation) The CODASYL Committee FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN 1961 COMIT (implementation) Victor Yngve: none (unique language) 1961 GPSS: Geoffrey Gordon, IBM: none (unique language) 1962 FORTRAN IV: IBM: FORTRAN II 1962 APL (concept) Kenneth E. Iverson: none (unique language) 1962 Simula (concept) Ole-Johan Dahl (mostly) ALGOL 60 1962 SNOBOL
The machine matched COBOL so closely that the COBOL compiler was simple and fast, and COBOL programmers found it easy to do assembly programming as well. In the original instruction set, all operations were memory-to-memory only, with no visible data registers.
James Martin's version of data engineering systems development methodology was automated to allow the input of the results of system analysis and design in the form of data flow diagrams, entity relationship diagrams, entity life history diagrams etc., from which hundreds of thousands of lines of COBOL would be generated overnight.