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Hemin is protoporphyrin IX containing a ferric iron (Fe 3+) ion with a coordinating chloride ligand.. Chemically, hemin differs from the related heme-compound hematin chiefly in that the coordinating ion is a chloride ion in hemin, whereas the coordinating ion is a hydroxide ion in hematin. [2]
Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive once monthly subcutaneous injections of givosiran 2.5 mg/kg or placebo during a six‑month double‑blind period. [8] The performance of givosiran was measured by the rate of porphyria attacks that required hospitalizations, urgent health care visits or intravenous infusion of hemin at home. [7]
Hematoporphyrin (Photodyn, Sensibion) is a porphyrin prepared from hemin. It is a derivative of protoporphyrin IX, where the two vinyl groups have been hydrated (converted to alcohols). It is a deeply colored solid that is usually encountered as a solution. Its chemical structure was determined in 1900. [1]
It can be administered orally, and by intravenous injection, or intramuscular injection. [1] Early Iron Supplement for Anemia. Iron preparation stimulates red blood cell production. The action is regulated by various iron-binding proteins in the body, such as ferritin and transferrin.
Structure of hematin. Haematin (also known as hematin, ferriheme, hematosin, hydroxyhemin, oxyheme, phenodin, or oxyhemochromogen) is a dark bluish or brownish pigment containing iron in the ferric state, obtained by the oxidation of haem.
The IO route of fluid and medication administration is an alternative to the preferred intravascular route when the latter cannot be established promptly in emergent situations. Intraosseous infusions are used when people have compromised intravenous access and need immediate delivery of life-saving fluids and medications.
The term injection encompasses intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and intradermal (ID) administration. [ 35 ] Parenteral administration generally acts more rapidly than topical or enteral administration, with onset of action often occurring in 15–30 seconds for IV, 10–20 minutes for IM and 15–30 minutes for SC. [ 36 ]
A depot injection, also known as a long-acting injectable (LAI), is a term for an injection formulation of a medication which releases slowly over time to permit less frequent administration of a medication.