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The carat (ct) is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg (0.00705 oz; 0.00643 ozt), which is used for measuring gemstones and pearls. The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat, was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures, [1] [2] and soon afterwards in many countries around the world.
For example, AWG 12g is 2.1 mm, but SWG 12g is 2.6 mm. AWG 8g happens to be the same as SWG 10g. AWG 000g is 10.4 mm, but SWG 000g is 9.4 mm. In most discussions of body jewelry, sizes are specified by giving the gauge, usually abbreviated by the suffix "g", the same symbol as used for grams: "12g".
The Pearl of Lao Tzu for a long time thought to be the largest pearl, but claims about its size and much of its history were found to be fabricated by a conman by the name of Victor Barbish. [2] Other pearls like the Centaur Pearl, most likely the largest gem pearl at 856.58 carats (171.316 g), have just recently emerged from private collections.
Typically a round brilliant 1.0-carat (200 mg) diamond should have a diameter of about 6.5 mm (0.26 in). Mathematically, the diameter in millimeters of a round brilliant should approximately equal to 6.5 times the cube root of carat weight, or 11.1 times the cube root of gram weight, or 1.4 times the cube root of point weight.
Uncut size Cut size Location Ref Maharlika Star Ruby India: 10,820 carats (2,164 g) Philippines: Liberty Bell Ruby: Burma: 1976 [a] 8,500 carats (1,700 g) Stolen and still missing [2] Neelanjali Ruby: 1,370 carats (274 g) Prince of Burma: Burma: 1996 950 carats (190 g) Rosser Reeves Ruby: Sri Lanka: 138.7 carats (27.74 g) National Museum of ...
Originally in 1945, the divisions were based on the ring inside diameter in steps of 1 ⁄ 64 inch (0.40 mm). [6] However, in 1987 BSI updated the standard to the metric system so that one alphabetical size division equals 1.25 mm of circumferential length. For a baseline, ring size C has a circumference of 40 mm. [7]
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This is a partial list of the largest non-synthetic diamonds with a rough stone (uncut) weight of over 200 carats (40 grams). [1] The list is not intended to be complete—e.g., the Cullinan (formerly Premier ) mine alone has produced 135 diamonds larger than 200 carats since mining commenced.