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[3]: 1494 For instance, coral reefs support 1.5 million fishers in the Indian Ocean and 3.35 million in the Southeast Asia, yet they are highly vulnerable to even low-emission climate change. [3]: 1479 Southeast Asia may lose around 30% of its aquaculture area and 10-20% of production by 2050-2070.
The main contributor to the country's emissions is fossil fuel combustion, which accounted for about 60% of greenhouse gas emissions in 2014. [3] As of 2018, the electricity sector accounted for 48% of Vietnam's CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, industry for 28%, transport 16%, the residential sector 4%, the commercial sector 3%, and agriculture 1%. [3]
Some studies have suggested that climate change induced sea level rise may be minimal compared to the rise induced by lack of water infrastructure and rapid urban development. [41] The Indonesian government views land subsidence , mostly due to over extraction of groundwater, as the primary threat to Jakarta's infrastructure and development. [ 42 ]
The Thai government has issued health warnings, with the health department warning about the risk of heat stroke. [6] [49] On 22 April, the government issued a warning for people to stay indoors. [50] On 21 April, Thailand's national weather service said that the heat index hit a record of 54 °C (129 °F). [30]
The United States Environmental Protection Agency had issued a 100-page report on global warming and human health back in 1989. [131] [144] By the early years of the 21st century, climate change was increasingly addressed as a public health concern at a global level, for example in 2006 at Nairobi by UN secretary general Kofi Annan.
[5]: 6 By 2090, they are projected to rise between an additional 0.8 °C and 3.11 °C depending on global emissions. [5]: 2 There is little expected seasonal variation for temperature increase. [5]: 10 However, heatwaves are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. Currently, a period of three days at the extreme high of expected ...
The Regional Forum on Environment and Health in Southeast and East Asian Countries is a global framework for action provided by Agenda 21 of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development; the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation of 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development; the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations and the recommendations of the fifth ...
As part of this plan, Singapore has implemented Southeast Asian's first carbon tax on 1 January 2019, setting the carbon tax at S$5/tCO 2 e for the first five years from 2019 to 2023. With effect from 2024, the carbon tax was raised to S$25/tCO 2 e with a targeted raise to S$45/tCO 2 e in 2026 and 2027 and S$50-80/tCO 2 e by 2030. [ 5 ]