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An 1888 reproduction of a Venetian list of medieval Greek alchemical symbols from about the year 1100 but circulating since about 300 and attributed to Zosimos of Panopolis. The list starts with 🜚 for gold and has early conventions that would later change: here ☿ is tin and ♃ electrum; ☾ is silver but ☽ is mercury.
Steel production (in million tons) by country in 2023. The steel industry is often considered an indicator of economic progress, because of the critical role played by steel in infrastructural and overall economic development. [97] In 1980, there were more than 500,000 U.S. steelworkers. By 2000, the number of steelworkers had fallen to 224,000 ...
Water power in medieval mining and metallurgy was introduced well before the 11th century, but it was only in the 11th century that it was widely applied. The introduction of the blast furnace , mostly for iron smelting, in all the established centers of metallurgy contributed to the quantitative and qualitative improvement of the metal output ...
The metals of antiquity generally have low melting points, with iron being the exception.. Mercury melts at −38.829 °C (−37.89 °F) [21] (being liquid at room temperature).
Wolfsangel (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlfsˌʔaŋəl], translation "wolf's hook") or Crampon (French pronunciation: [kʁɑ̃pɔ̃]) is a heraldic charge from mainly Germany and eastern France, which was inspired by medieval European wolf traps that consisted of a Z-shaped metal hook (called the Wolfsangel, or the crampon in French) that was hung by a chain from a crescent-shaped metal bar ...
The characteristic of an Iron Age culture is the mass production of tools and weapons made not just of found iron, but from smelted steel alloys with an added carbon content. [citation needed] Only with the capability of the production of carbon steel does ferrous metallurgy result in tools or weapons that are harder and lighter than bronze.
Medieval dove plaques have been found in the Netherlands and United Kingdom. Similar to modern times, turtle doves were used as medieval symbols of love and loyalty because the birds typically ...
Assorted reproduction firesteels typical of Roman to medieval period Late 18th-century firetools and bricks from Brittany. A fire striker is a piece of carbon steel from which sparks are struck by the sharp edge of flint, chert or similar rock. [1] [2] [3] It is a specific tool used in fire making.