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Mathematical Kangaroo (also known as Kangaroo challenge, or jeu-concours Kangourou in French) is an international mathematics competition in over 77 countries. There are six levels of participation, ranging from grade 1 to grade 12.
The Indian Olympiad Qualifier in Mathematics (IOQM) is a national exam for students in grades 8-12. It's used to shortlist students for HBCSE's Mathematical Olympiad program. Students must be under 20 years old by June 30 of the IMO year and cannot have passed Class 12.
Rocket City Math League (RCML) — Competition run by students at Virgil I. Grissom High School with levels ranging from Explorer (Pre-Algebra) to Discovery (Comprehensive) Romanian Master of Mathematics and Sciences — Olympiad for the selection of the top 20 countries in the last IMO. Tournament of the Towns — worldwide competition.
The Grey Kangaroo is sat by students in year 9 and below and the Pink Kangaroo is sat by those in years 10 and 11. The top 25% of scorers in each paper receive a certificate of merit and the rest receive a certificate of participation. All those who sit either Kangaroo also receive a keyfob containing a different mathematical puzzle each year.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
This is a list of some of the more commonly known problems that are NP-complete when expressed as decision problems. As there are thousands of such problems known, this list is in no way comprehensive. Many problems of this type can be found in Garey & Johnson (1979).
A famous list of 23 open problems, called "Hilbert's problems", was compiled in 1900 by German mathematician David Hilbert. [223] This list has achieved great celebrity among mathematicians, [224] and at least thirteen of the problems (depending how some are interpreted) have been solved. [223]
Smale's problems is a list of eighteen unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Steve Smale in 1998 [1] and republished in 1999. [2] Smale composed this list in reply to a request from Vladimir Arnold, then vice-president of the International Mathematical Union, who asked several mathematicians to propose a list of problems for the 21st century.