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The double-dotted note is used less frequently than the dotted note. Typically, as in the example to the right, it is followed by a note whose duration is one-quarter the length of the basic note value, completing the next higher note value. Before the mid-18th century, double dots were not used.
Without dot 3 or 6, the indicated note is an eighth note (quaver). With dot 6, it is a quarter note; dot 3, a half note; and dots 3,6, a whole note. [9] Every rhythm symbol does double up in meaning: 8th notes match 128th notes; quarter notes (crotchets) match 64th notes; half notes match 32nd notes; and whole notes match 16th notes (semiquavers).
Dotted half notes are indicated by a dash below (6th decade), whole notes by a dash above (7th decade), and dotted whole notes by a mid dash (8th decade). The alto, bass, treble, and tenor clefs were indicated by the 5th–8th characters of the fifth decade. ⠐ is the sharp-note prefix, ⠒ the bass-note prefix, and the equivalent with a dash ...
The four dotted quarter-notes across the two bottom measures are the main beats. All clave patterns are built upon four main beats. [55] [56] [57] The bottom measures on the other two examples (3 2 and 6 4) show cross-beats. Observing the dancer's steps almost always reveals the main beats of the music.
Note that the standard bell pattern is the clave but with and pickups before the first and third notes, and the hi-hat marks the main beats (quarter-notes). [54] In the Yoruba-based, Afro-Cuban rhythms agbe (toque güiro) and bembé, standard pattern variations are used spontaneously. [55] Standard bell pattern variations Play top ⓘ and Play ...
As the name implies, a quarter note's duration is one quarter that of a whole note, half the length of a half note, and twice that of an eighth note. It represents one beat in a bar of 4 4 time. The term "quarter note" is a calque (loan-translation) of the German term Viertelnote.
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The double dot was first used in 1752 by J. J. Quantz; [17] in music of the 18th century and earlier the amount by which the dot augmented the note varied: it could be more or less than the modern interpretation, to fit into the context. [17] To divide a note value to three equal parts, or some other value than two, tuplets may be used.