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An HPV infection is caused by the human papillomavirus, a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family. [8] [9] Over 200 types have been described. [10] An individual can become infected with more than one type of HPV, [11] and the disease is only known to affect humans.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer awareness and prevention is a vital concept from a public and community health perspective. HPV is the sexually transmitted virus that is known to be the cause of genital warts. There are currently more than 100 different strains of HPV, half of which can cause genital infections. [1]
HPV+OPC presents in one of four ways: as an asymptomatic abnormality in the mouth found by the patient or a health professional such as a dentist; with local symptoms such as pain or infection at the site of the tumor; with difficulties of speech, swallowing, and/or breathing; or as a swelling in the neck (if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes).
Laryngeal papillomatosis is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, most frequently types 6 and 11, [13] although genotypes 16, 18, 31, and 33 have also been implicated. [7] HPV-11 is associated with more aggressive forms of papillomatosis, which may involve more distal parts of the tracheobronchial tree. [7]
Some head and neck cancers, and in particular oropharyngeal cancer, are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), [1] [62] and 70% of all head and neck cancer cases are related to HPV. [62] Risk factors for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer include multiple sexual partners, anal and oral sex and a weak immune system. [56]
[2] [3] It is characterized by an inability to protect against HPV infection of skin. [4] [5] HPV types 5 and 8 are detected in around 90% of skin cancers in people with EV. [1] Other types are also associated with EV. [1] In rare cases, warts may develop into giant horns resulting in treeman syndrome. [6] Prevention of skin cancer requires sun ...
Virtually all cervical cancer cases (99%) are linked to genital human papillomavirus infection (HPV); [14] [5] [6] most who have had HPV infections, however, do not develop cervical cancer. [3] [15] HPV 16 and 18 strains are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases globally and nearly 50% of high grade cervical pre-cancers.
The Papanicolaou smear ("Pap" smear) is a widely used cancer screening test for cervical cancer. DNA-based tests to identify the virus are also available. [12] Herpesviruses are a third group of common cancer-causing viruses. Two types of herpesviruses have been associated with cancer: the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV ...