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A Karnaugh map (KM or K-map) is a diagram that can be used to simplify a Boolean algebra expression. Maurice Karnaugh introduced it in 1953 [ 1 ] [ 2 ] as a refinement of Edward W. Veitch 's 1952 Veitch chart , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] which itself was a rediscovery of Allan Marquand 's 1881 logical diagram [ 5 ] [ 6 ] (aka.
Converting a Karnaugh map to a Zhegalkin polynomial. The figure shows a function of three variables, P(A, B, C) represented as a Karnaugh map, which the reader may consider as an example of how to convert such maps into Zhegalkin polynomials; the general procedure is given in the following steps:
Although more practical than Karnaugh mapping when dealing with more than four variables, the Quine–McCluskey algorithm also has a limited range of use since the problem it solves is NP-complete. [22] [23] [24] The running time of the Quine–McCluskey algorithm grows exponentially with the number of variables.
== Summary == {{Information |Description=Karnaugh_map, with 3 variables |Source=self-made |Date=October 2007 |Author= RosarioVanTulpe}} Category:Karnaugh maps == Licensing == {{PD-self}} File usage The following pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed):
A truth table will contain 2 n rows, where n is the number of variables (e.g. three variables "p", "d", "c" produce 2 3 rows). Each row represents a minterm. Each minterm can be found on the Hasse diagram, on the Veitch diagram, and on the Karnaugh map.
In the early days, logic design involved manipulating the truth table representations as Karnaugh maps. The Karnaugh map-based minimization of logic is guided by a set of rules on how entries in the maps can be combined. A human designer can typically only work with Karnaugh maps containing up to four to six variables.
"For more than three variables, the basic illustrative form of the Venn diagram is inadequate. Extensions are possible, however, the most convenient of which is the Karnaugh map, to be discussed in Chapter 6." [13] (p 64) In Chapter 6, section 6.4 "Karnaugh map representation of Boolean functions" they begin with:
Minimizing Boolean functions by hand using the classical Karnaugh maps is a laborious, tedious, and error-prone process. It isn't suited for more than six input variables and practical only for up to four variables, while product term sharing for multiple output functions is even harder to carry out. [10]