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Red Cloud (Lakota: Maȟpíya Lúta; c. 1822 – December 10, 1909) was a leader of the Oglala Lakota from 1865 to 1909. [1] He was one of the most capable Native American opponents whom the United States Army faced in the western territories.
Hunkpapa Lakota: A war chief of the Lakota, he took part in Red Cloud's War and Black Hills War. Red Cloud: 1822–1909 1860s–1890s Oglala Lakota: A chief of the Oglala Lakota, he was one of several Lakota leaders who opposed the American settlement of the Great Plains winning a short-lived victory against the U.S. Army during Red Cloud's War ...
Spotted Elk (Lakota: Uŋpȟáŋ Glešká, sometimes spelled OH-PONG-GE-LE-SKAH or Hupah Glešká: c. 1826 – () December 29, 1890), was a chief of the Miniconjou, Lakota Sioux. He was a son of Miniconjou chief Lone Horn and became a chief upon his father's death. He was a highly renowned chief with skills in war and negotiations.
[21]: 340 Sioux chief Red Cloud organized a war party against a Crow camp at the mouth of Rosebud River in 1856. [19]: 119–124 Despite the Crows fighting "... large-scale battles with invading Sioux" near present-day Wyola in Montana, [14]: 84 the Sioux had taken over the western Powder River area by 1860. [22]: 127
Tasunka Kokipapi (Lakota: Tȟašúŋke Kȟokípȟapi, 1836 – July 13, 1893), was an Oglala Lakota leader known for his participation in Red Cloud's War, as a negotiator for the Sioux Nation after the Wounded Knee Massacre, and for serving on delegations to Washington, D.C..
Chief Red Cloud was also aggrieved by his brother's murder. Nonetheless, Chief Red Cloud continued to work with Chief Spotted Tail in delegations to Washington, D.C. to protect tribal lands, enforce broken treaties and preserve Lakota heritage.
Red Cloud's War (also referred to as the Bozeman War or the Powder River War) was an armed conflict between an alliance of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Northern Arapaho peoples against the United States and the Crow Nation that took place in the Wyoming and Montana territories from 1866 to 1868.
Other traditional Lakota oppose the memorial. In his 1972 autobiography, John Fire Lame Deer, a Lakota medicine man, said: "The whole idea of making a beautiful wild mountain into a statue of him is a pollution of the landscape. It is against the spirit of Crazy Horse."