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Sinus arrhythmia is a commonly encountered variation of normal sinus rhythm. Sinus arrhythmia characteristically presents with an irregular rate in which the variation in the R-R interval is more than 0.12 seconds (120 milliseconds). Additionally, P waves are typically mono-form and in a pattern consistent with atrial activation originating ...
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is typically a benign, normal variation in heart rate that occurs during each breathing cycle: the heart rate increases when breathing in and decreases when breathing out. [1] RSA was first recognized by Carl Ludwig in 1847 [9] but is still imperfectly understood. [10]
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia refers to the physiologically normal variation in heart rate due to breathing. During inspiration, vagus nerve activity decreases, reducing parasympathetic innervation of the sinoatrial node and causing an increase in heart rate. During expiration, heart rates fall due to the converse occurring. [2]
A slow rhythm (less than 60 beats/min) is labelled bradycardia. This may be caused by a slowed signal from the sinus node (sinus bradycardia), by a pause in the normal activity of the sinus node (sinus arrest), or by blocking of the electrical impulse on its way from the atria to the ventricles (AV block or heart block).
Normal heart rate varies based on a person’s age, fitness and activity levels, temperature, caffeine, stress, and other risk factors (such as blood pressure, chronic diabetes, obesity, etc ...
The respiratory rhythm contributes to sinus arrhythmia in normal unanesthetized subjects during mechanical hyperventilation with positive pressure. [37] Low-frequency oscillations [41] are associated with Mayer waves (Traube–Hering–Mayer waves) of blood pressure and is usually at a frequency of 0.1 Hz, or a 10-second period.
A sinus rhythm is any cardiac rhythm in which depolarisation of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node. [1] It is necessary, but not sufficient, for normal electrical activity within the heart. [2] On the electrocardiogram (ECG), a sinus rhythm is characterised by the presence of P waves that are normal in morphology. [2]
Sinus arrhythmia is an irregular rhythm with a ventricular rate of 60 - 100 normally, however a slow rhythm can be distinguished when the rate is less than 60, the PR interval and QRS complex are normal. Sinus pause is a regular rhythm however a sudden pause occurs in the rhythm which makes it miss a few beats, if the rhythm resumes on time ...
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