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The concept of the tumor microenvironment (TME) dates back to 1863 when Rudolf Virchow established a connection between inflammation and cancer. However, it was not until 1889 that Stephen Paget's seed and soil theory introduced the important role of TME in cancer metastasis, highlighting the intricate relationship between tumors and their surrounding microenvironment.
Tumor-associated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast cancer models. Cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and a sub-discipline of immunology that is concerned with understanding the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer; the most well known application is cancer immunotherapy, which utilises the ...
Oncometabolism is the field of study that focuses on the metabolic changes that occur in cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) and accompany oncogenesis and tumor progression toward a neoplastic state. [1] Cells with increased growth and survivability differ from non-tumorigenic cells in terms of metabolism. [2]
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal published for the American Cancer Society by Wiley-Blackwell. The journal was established in 1950 and covers aspects of cancer research on diagnosis , therapy , and prevention . [ 1 ]
It covers research on all aspects of cancer and cancer-related biomedical sciences and was established in 1941. The editor-in-chief is Chi Van Dang. [1] The journal was established in 1916 as the Journal of Cancer Research, was renamed American Journal of Cancer in 1931, and obtained its current name in 1941.
HAVCR2/ galectin-9 interaction attenuated T-cell expansion and effectors function in tumor microenvironment and chronic infections. [ 21 ] [ 17 ] Moreover, galectin-9 contributed to tumorigenesis by tumor cell transformation, cell-cycle regulation, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion. [ 22 ]
Additionally, the tumor microenvironment further suppresses the anti-tumor immune response with high levels of suppressive cytokines (TGF-β, TNF, IL-10), expression of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, B7-H4), and other alterations that help the tumor evade the immune system, such as the loss of tumor antigens necessary for antigen ...
A circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a cancer cell from a primary tumor that has shed into the blood of the circulatory system, or the lymph of the lymphatic system. [1] CTCs are carried around the body to other organs where they may leave the circulation and become the seeds for the subsequent growth of secondary tumors .