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  2. Closed wing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_wing

    Nonplanar wings: results for the optimal aerodynamic efficiency ratio ε. The parameter ε is the optimal aerodynamic efficiency ratio [25] and represents the ratio between the aerodynamic efficiency of a given non-planar wing and the corresponding efficiency of a reference classical cantilevered wing with the same wing span and total lift ...

  3. Automotive aerodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics

    Automotive aerodynamics differs from aircraft aerodynamics in several ways: The characteristic shape of a road vehicle is much less streamlined compared to an aircraft. The vehicle operates very close to the ground, rather than in free air. The operating speeds are lower (and aerodynamic drag varies as the square of speed).

  4. Vortex generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_generator

    The Symphony SA-160 was designed with two unusual vortex generators on its wing to ensure aileron effectiveness through the stall. A vortex generator (VG) is an aerodynamic device, consisting of a small vane usually attached to a lifting surface (or airfoil, such as an aircraft wing) [1] or a rotor blade of a wind turbine. [2]

  5. WM P88 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WM_P88

    Based on the experience gained with the P87, the new car for 1988 was built with the help of the French coachbuilder Heuliez, called WM P88, refining and lightening the previous car (the weight saving was 65 kg ), equipping it with new rear suspensions that allowed the use of larger Venturi tunnels and creating an engine with a larger ...

  6. Distributed propulsion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_propulsion

    In aeronautics, Distributed propulsion is an arrangement in which the propulsive and related air flows are distributed over the aerodynamic surfaces of an aircraft. The purpose is to improve the craft's aerodynamic, propulsive and/or structural efficiency over an equivalent conventional design. [1]

  7. Spoiler (car) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoiler_(car)

    Aerodynamics plays a critical role in a car's behavior at higher speeds. Vehicles must be stable and balanced first at lower speeds through their mechanical grip on the road via the chassis, suspension, and tires. [3] Aerodynamic aids can then be used to provide the necessary balance and stability characteristics at higher speeds. [3]

  8. Ground effect (cars) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_effect_(cars)

    A substantial amount of downforce is available by understanding the ground to be part of the aerodynamic system in question, hence the name "ground effect". Starting in the mid-1960s, 'wings' were routinely used in the design of race cars to increase downforce (which is not a type of ground effect).

  9. Adaptive compliant wing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_Compliant_Wing

    An adaptive compliant wing is a wing which is flexible enough for aspects of its shape to be changed in flight. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Flexible wings have a number of benefits. Conventional flight control mechanisms operate using hinges, resulting in disruptions to the airflow, vortices, and in some cases, separation of the airflow.