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Vertical lines: Midline, lateral sternal line, parasternal line and midclavicular line. Horizontal lines: Level of the sternal angle , and zipho-sternal line. Anatomical "lines", or "reference lines," are theoretical lines drawn through anatomical structures and are used to describe anatomical location.
The midaxillary line is a coronal line on the torso between the anterior and posterior axillary lines. It is a landmark used in thoracentesis , [ 2 ] and the V6 electrode of the 10 electrode ECG. The posterior axillary line is a coronal line on the posterior torso marked by the posterior axillary fold .
A vertical line drawn from the mid-clavicle called the mid-clavicular line is used as a reference in describing cardiac apex beat during medical examination. It is also useful for evaluating an enlarged liver, and for locating the gallbladder which is between the mid-clavicular line and the transpyloric plane.
The normal apex beat can be palpated in the precordium left 5th intercostal space, half-inch medial to the left midclavicular line and 3–4 inches left of left border of sternum. In children the apex beat occurs in the fourth rib interspace medial to the nipple.
The vertical lines are the mid-clavicular lines taken from the mid-point of each clavicle. The upper horizontal line is the subcostal line taken from the inferior parts of the lowest costal cartilages. The lower horizontal line is the extoturbular line connecting the tubercles of the pelvis. [3] [4]
The mid-clavicular line, a line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the midpoint of the clavicle. In addition, reference may be made to structures at specific levels of the spine (e.g. the 4th cervical vertebra , abbreviated "C4"), or the rib cage (e.g., the 5th intercostal space ).
An S3 heart sound is best heard with the bell-side of the stethoscope (used for lower frequency sounds). A left-sided S3 is best heard in the left lateral decubitus position and at the apex of the heart, which is normally located in the 5th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
The liver span is a measurement performed during physical examination to determine the size of the liver and identify possible hepatomegaly.. It is the distance between the lower border of the liver in the mid-clavicular line obtained by palpation, and the upper border of the liver in the mid-clavicular line detected by percussion (the upper border of the liver lies behind the ribs and can not ...