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In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between "Malay language" (bahasa Melayu) and "Indonesian" (bahasa Indonesia). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the unifying language of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term "Malay" in common parlance. [ 18 ]
The defining difference between a first language (L1) and a second language (L2) is the age the person learned the language. For example, linguist Eric Lenneberg used second language to mean a language consciously acquired or used by its speaker after puberty.
The Agency for Language Development and Cultivation (Indonesian: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa), formerly the Language and Book Development Agency (Badan Pengembangan Bahasa dan Perbukuan) and the Language Centre (Pusat Bahasa), is the institution responsible for standardising and regulating the Indonesian language as well as maintaining the indigenous languages of Indonesia.
Bahasa Indonesia is sometimes improperly reduced to Bahasa, which refers to the Indonesian subject (Bahasa Indonesia) taught in schools, on the assumption that this is the name of the language. But the word bahasa (a loanword from Sanskrit Bhāṣā ) only means "language."
The official language of Indonesia is Indonesian [9] (locally known as bahasa Indonesia), a standardised form of Malay, [10] which serves as the lingua franca of the archipelago. According to the 2020 census, over 97% of Indonesians are fluent in Indonesian. [ 11 ]
Diane Larsen-Freeman (born 1946) is an American linguist.She is currently a Professor Emerita in Education and in Linguistics at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. [1]
Teaching English as a second language (TESL) refers to teaching English to students whose first language is not English. The teaching profession has used different names for TEFL and TESL; the generic "teaching English to speakers of other languages" (TESOL) is increasingly used, which covers TESL and TEFL as an umbrella term. [5]
Indonesian is the national language in Indonesia by Article 36 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, while "Malay" (bahasa Melayu) has been recognised as the ethnic languages of Malay in Indonesia alongside Malay-based trade and creole languages and other ethnic languages. Malaysia and Singapore use a common standard Malay. [28]