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ER = EPR is a conjecture in physics stating that two entangled particles (a so-called Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen or EPR pair) are connected by a wormhole (or Einstein–Rosen bridge) [1] [2] and is thought by some to be a basis for unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics into a theory of everything.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons.The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spins excited are those of the electrons instead of the atomic nuclei.
Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an electron paramagnetic resonance technique that involves the alignment of the net magnetization vector of the electron spins in a constant magnetic field. This alignment is perturbed by applying a short oscillating field, usually a microwave pulse.
The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) paradox is a thought experiment proposed by physicists Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, which argues that the description of physical reality provided by quantum mechanics is incomplete. [1]
Extensive EPR studies have revealed much about electron delocalization in free radicals. The simulated spectrum of the CH 3 • radical shows hyperfine splitting due to the interaction of the electron with the 3 equivalent hydrogen nuclei, each of which has a spin of 1/2.
The EI-EPR spectra can be collected in two ways: (1) difference spectra [7] (2) frequency modulated rf field without Zeeman modulation. This technique was established by Hyde [7] and is especially useful for separating overlapping EPR signals which result from different radicals, molecular conformations or magnetic sites. EI-EPR spectra monitor ...
In physics, biology and chemistry, electron magnetic resonance (EMR) is an interdisciplinary field that covers both electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR, also known as electron spin resonance – ESR) and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). [1]
The advantage of having an ER fluid which operates on the electrostatic effect is the elimination of leakage current, i.e. potentially there is no direct current. Of course, since ER devices behave electrically as capacitors, and the main advantage of the ER effect is the speed of response, an alternating current is to be expected.