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Kyphosis (from Greek κυφός (kyphos) 'hump') is an abnormally excessive convex curvature of the spine as it occurs in the thoracic and sacral regions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Abnormal inward concave lordotic curving of the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine is called lordosis .
In studies, kyphosis is better characterized for the thoracic spine than for the lumbar spine. [7] [8] The seventh and tenth thoracic vertebrae are most commonly affected. It causes backache and spinal curvature. In very serious cases it may cause internal problems and spinal cord damage.
Hemivertebrae are wedge-shaped vertebrae and therefore can cause an angle in the spine (such as kyphosis, scoliosis, and lordosis). Among the congenital vertebral anomalies, hemivertebrae are the most likely to cause neurologic problems. [5] The most common location is the midthoracic vertebrae, especially the eighth (T8). [6]
Gibbus deformity is a form of structural kyphosis typically found in the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae, where one or more adjacent vertebrae become wedged. Gibbus deformity most often develops in young children as a result of spinal tuberculosis and is the result of collapse of vertebral bodies.
Effects of osteoporosis on the spine. Another cause for bilateral iliocostal contact is based on the kyphosis curve of the spine. The thoracic spine is slightly curved due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, with a normal Cobb angle measurement between 20 and 40 degrees.
Because each vertebra can cause pain in different areas of the body, the pain from the disease can be sensed in the back, leg, neck area, or even the arms. When the spinal canal begins to lose its gap and gets thinner, it can cause pain in the neck, which can also cause a numb feeling in the arms and hands.
Sway back is a different condition with a different cause, that at a glance can mimic the outward appearance of lumbar hyperlordosis. Lumbar kyphosis is an abnormally straight (or in severe cases flexed) lumbar region.
Cervical X-rays may show osteophytes, decreased intervertebral disc height, narrowing of the spinal canal, and abnormal alignment (kyphosis of the cervical spine). Flexion and extension view of the cervical spine is helpful to look for spondylolisthesis (slippage of one vertebra over another). [2]
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