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In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational analogue of linear force. [1] It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). The symbol for torque is typically , the lowercase Greek letter tau. When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
* In a rotational mechanical equilibrium the angular momentum of the object is conserved and the net torque is zero. [ 2 ] More generally in conservative systems , equilibrium is established at a point in configuration space where the gradient of the potential energy with respect to the generalized coordinates is zero.
The forces have a turning effect or moment called a torque about an axis which is normal (perpendicular) to the plane of the forces. The SI unit for the torque of the couple is newton metre. If the two forces are F and −F, then the magnitude of the torque is given by the following formula: = where
The static equilibrium of a particle is an important concept in statics. A particle is in equilibrium only if the resultant of all forces acting on the particle is equal to zero. In a rectangular coordinate system the equilibrium equations can be represented by three scalar equations, where the sums of forces in all three directions are equal ...
When the torque is zero, the angular momentum is constant, just as when the force is zero, the momentum is constant. [ 19 ] : 14–15 The torque can vanish even when the force is non-zero, if the body is located at the reference point ( r = 0 {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} =0} ) or if the force F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } and the displacement ...
The moment of force, or torque, is a first moment: =, or, more generally, .; Similarly, angular momentum is the 1st moment of momentum: =.Momentum itself is not a moment.; The electric dipole moment is also a 1st moment: = for two opposite point charges or () for a distributed charge with charge density ().
Kinetics deals with states that are not in mechanical equilibrium. According to Newton's second law, an external force leads to a change in velocity (acceleration) of a body. Analogously an external torque means a change in angular velocity resulting in an angular acceleration. The inertia relating to rotation depends not only on the mass of a ...
Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque [1] [2].Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation [5], and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position [6].