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Voice therapy consists of techniques and procedures that target vocal parameters, such as vocal fold closure, pitch, volume, and quality. This therapy is provided by speech-language pathologists and is primarily used to aid in the management of voice disorders, [1] or for altering the overall quality of voice, as in the case of transgender voice therapy.
In normal voice production, exhaled air moves out of the lungs and passes upward through the vocal tract. [23] At the level of the larynx, the exhaled air causes the vocal folds to move toward the midline of the tract (a process called adduction). The adducted vocal folds do not close completely but instead remain partially open.
maximum duration of phonation for a series of sustained vowels is 2 seconds. from most intelligible to least: glides, fricatives, plosives, affricates, and nasals. on rhyme-test 76% of buccal spoken words were intelligible.
The Test of Everyday Attention (TEA) is designed to measure attention in adults age 18 through 80 years. The test comprises 8 subsets that represent everyday tasks and has three parallel forms. [1] It assess three aspects of attentional functioning: selective attention, sustained attention, and mental shifting. [2]
Sob: Sob quality is a soft and dark sound, associated with the sobbing cry of an adult who mourns. [ 63 ] [ 64 ] Sob quality is produced on a lowered larynx and thinned vocal folds. [ 43 ] Sob quality releases glottal hyperadduction and medial compression, lowers the larynx and releases pharyngeal constriction. [ 23 ]
Adult male voices are usually lower-pitched due to longer and thicker folds. The male's vocal folds are between 1.75 cm and 2.5 cm (approx 0.75" to 1.0") in length, [3] while females' vocal folds are between 1.25 cm and 1.75 cm (approx 0.5" to 0.75") in length. The vocal folds of children are much shorter than those of adult males and females.
"Voice therapy" or "voice training" refers to any non-surgical technique used to improve or modify the human voice. [1] [2] Because voice is a social cue to a person's sex and gender, [3] transgender people may frequently undertake voice training or therapy as a part of gender transitioning in order to make their voices sound more typical of their gender, and therefore increase their ...
The voiced speech of a typical adult male will have a fundamental frequency from 90 to 155 Hz, and that of a typical adult female from 165 to 255 Hz. [3] Thus, the fundamental frequency of most speech falls below the bottom of the voice frequency band as defined.