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Binggeli, Corky (2011). "Structural Systems § Exit Stairs". Building Systems for Interior Designers (2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-17432-6. Burke, Robert A. (2008). Fire protection: systems and response. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-56670-622-3. Bush, Vincent R. (1988). Handbook to the uniform building code: an illustrative commentary ...
A window well is a recess in the ground around a building to allow for installment of bigger windows in a basement either below ground or partially below ground. By making it possible to put in a larger window, the window can act as a safer emergency exit in case of fire as well as letting in additional daylight for the enjoyment of the people ...
In the Stardust Disaster and the 2006 Moscow hospital fire, the emergency exits were locked and most windows barred shut. In the case of the Station Nightclub , the premises were over capacity the night fire broke out, the front exit was not designed well (right outside the door, the concrete approach split 90 degrees and a railing ran along ...
The installation of window air conditioners in individual apartment units with fire escape-facing windows, often installed against code or local ordinance by residents, [6] which require the unit to be affixed to the window sash, also make a fire escape nearly useless in the summer months; the bulk and weight of an air conditioner unit placed ...
A simple arithmetic calculator was first included with Windows 1.0. [5]In Windows 3.0, a scientific mode was added, which included exponents and roots, logarithms, factorial-based functions, trigonometry (supports radian, degree and gradians angles), base conversions (2, 8, 10, 16), logic operations, statistical functions such as single variable statistics and linear regression.
The purpose of building codes is to provide minimum standards for safety, health, and general welfare including structural integrity, mechanical integrity (including sanitation, water supply, light, and ventilation), means of egress, fire prevention and control, and energy conservation. [9] [10] Building codes generally include:
The alternating stairs (3) requires one unit of space per step: the same as the half-width stairs (2), and half as much as the full-width stairs (1). Thus, the horizontal distance between steps is in this case reduced by a factor of two, reducing the size of each step.
A dog-leg staircase A quarter-landing, on a dog-leg staircase, is made into an architectural feature, by the use of arches, vaulting and stained glass. A dog-leg is a configuration of stairs between two floors of a building, often a domestic building, in which a flight of stairs ascends to a quarter-landing before turning at a right angle and continuing upwards. [1]