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RFC 1122 refers to 0.0.0.0 using the notation {0,0}. It prohibits this as a destination address in IPv4 and only allows it as a source address under specific circumstances. A host may use 0.0.0.0 as its own source address in IP when it has not yet been assigned an address, such as when sending the initial DHCPDISCOVER packet when using DHCP .
In computer networking, localhost is a hostname that refers to the current computer used to access it. The name localhost is reserved for loopback purposes. [1] It is used to access the network services that are running on the host via the loopback network interface.
The name localhost is a commonly defined hostname for the loopback interface in most TCP/IP systems, resolving to the IP addresses 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 and ::1 for IPv6. As a top-level domain, the name has traditionally been defined statically in host DNS implementations with address records (A and AAAA) pointing to the same loopback addresses.
This is useful for determining the efficiency of a certain route from two points in a network. In this example, it is more efficient to communicate with the computer itself through the use of address 127.0.0.1 (called localhost) than it would be through 192.168.0.100 (the IP address of the local network card).