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It would not be long before the Scramble for Africa and European colonial interests set their eyes on the marginal Turkish provinces of Libya. The Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II twice sent his aide-de-camp Azmzade Sadik El Mueyyed to meet Sheikh Senussi to cultivate positive relations and counter the West European scramble for Africa. [28]
The Italo-Turkish War was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Italy from September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912. As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.
The 3 main historical subdivisions of Libya. Subdivisions of Libya have varied significantly over the last two centuries. Initially Libya under Ottoman and Italian control was organized into three to four provinces, then into three governorates and after World War II into twenty-five districts ().
The difficulty of maintaining control of Libya plagued the Fatimids, as it had almost every other authority preceding them. At the beginning of the 11th century, Buluggin ibn Ziri was installed as the Fatimid governor. It was also in this time that the Cyrenaica became a basis for pirates who often acted as privateers for the Fatimids. [3]
Territorial changes of the Ottoman Empire 1912, after Libya was lost in the Turco-Italian War, and on the eve of the First Balkan War The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War (also known in Italy as guerra di Libia , "the Libyan war", and in Turkey as Trablusgarp Savaşı ) was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Italy from September 29, 1911 ...
The Ottoman Empire later claimed suzerainty of Cyrenaica based on the Mamluk claim of suzerainty through alliance with the tribes. Cyrenaica was subsumed into Ottoman Libya. [24] In 1879, Cyrenaica became a wilayah of the Ottoman Empire. [25] In 1888, it became a mutasarrıfiyya under a mutasarrif and was further divided into five qadaas.
Ottoman Tripolitania: 1551–1911: Italian colonization: Italian Tripolitania and Cyrenaica: 1911–1934: Italian Libya: 1934–1943: Allied occupation: 1943–1951: Kingdom of Libya: 1951–1969: Libya under Muammar Gaddafi: 1969–2011: First Civil War: 2011: National Transitional Council: 2011–2012: General National Congress: 2012–2014 ...
Ottoman rule continued until the Italo-Turkish War, which resulted in the Italian occupation of Libya and the establishment of two colonies, Italian Tripolitania and Italian Cyrenaica (1911–1934), later unified in the Italian Libya colony from 1934 to 1943. During World War II, Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign.