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Junks in Guangzhou, photograph c. 1880 by Lai Afong. A junk (Chinese: 船; pinyin: chuán) is a type of Chinese sailing ship characterized by a central rudder, an overhanging flat transom, watertight bulkheads, and a flat-bottomed design. [1] [2] They are also characteristically built using iron nails and clamps. [1]
The Keying was a Chinese ship that employed a junk sailing rig. Scale model of a Tagalog outrigger ship with junk sails from Manila, 19th century. The junk rig, also known as the Chinese lugsail, Chinese balanced lug sail, or sampan rig, is a type of sail rig in which rigid members, called battens, span the full width of the sail and extend the sail forward of the mast.
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A Song dynasty junk ship, 13th century; Chinese ships of the Song period featured hulls with watertight compartments. When the British Royal Navy encountered the Chinese during the First Opium War, their officers noted the appearance of paddle-wheel boats among the Chinese fleet
The largest junks (5,000 liao) may have had a hull length twice that of a Quanzhou ship (1,000 liao), [30] Liuhe, Taicang is 68 m (223.1 ft). [14] However, the usual Chinese trading junks pre-1500 was around 20–30 m (65.6–98.4 ft) long, with the length of 30 m (98.4 ft) only becoming the norm after 1500 CE.
An overview of the layout of a Dingyuan-class ironclad. Following the direct intervention of the imperialist European powers in the mid-19th century, including the First and Second Opium Wars, where their superior steam-powered fleets overwhelmed the small Imperial Chinese Navy that still relied on traditional junks, the Chinese began a naval construction program in the 1880s to meet these ...
Zheng Zhilong had adapted European technology throughout his maritime career, decking his ships with European cannons and mercenaries, and in 1633 he had built a new fleet of 30 ships [11] according to European designs: whereas most Chinese junks held at most eight smaller cannons, Zheng's new ships had two reinforced gundecks that could hold up to thirty-six large guns, shooting out of ...
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