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Immunochemical techniques include: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting (e.g., Western blot assay), precipitation and agglutination reactions, immunoelectrophoresis, immunophenotyping, immunochromatographic assay and cyflometry. One of the earliest examples of immunochemistry is the Wasserman test to detect syphilis.
Immunohistochemistry can be performed on tissue that has been fixed and embedded in paraffin, but also cryopreservated (frozen) tissue.Based on the way the tissue is preserved, there are different steps to prepare the tissue for immunohistochemistry, but the general method includes proper fixation, antigen retrieval incubation with primary antibody, then incubation with secondary antibody.
"Ouchterlony Analysis" (PDF). Medical Immunology 544. University of California, Irvine College of Medicine. Fall 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-07 "Ouchterlony Double Diffusion - Patterns: Theory". Value @ Amrita. India: Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-13
A newer approach to immunoassays involves combining real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT qPCR) and traditional immunoassay techniques. Called real-time immunoquantitative PCR (iqPCR) the label used in these assays is a DNA probe. [10] [11]
The terminologies, immune-methods and immune-chemical techniques refer to a variety of immunoelectrophoresis processes whose results are identified using antibodies and immunological methodologies. [4] As a result, immunomethods' great sensitivity is a beneficial compared to the great expense of utilizing antibodies.
Immunolabeling - Antigen Detection of Tissue via Tagged Antigen-specific Antibody. Immunolabeling is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ.
Immunocytochemistry labels individual proteins within cells, such as TH (green) in the axons of sympathetic autonomic neurons.. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a common laboratory technique that is used to anatomically visualize the localization of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific primary antibody that binds to it.
A radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an immunoassay that uses radiolabeled molecules in a stepwise formation of immune complexes.A RIA is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of substances, usually measuring antigen concentrations (for example, hormone levels in blood) by use of antibodies.