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A circle of radius 23 drawn by the Bresenham algorithm. In computer graphics, the midpoint circle algorithm is an algorithm used to determine the points needed for rasterizing a circle. It is a generalization of Bresenham's line algorithm. The algorithm can be further generalized to conic sections. [1] [2] [3]
The algorithm selects one point p randomly and uniformly from P, and recursively finds the minimal circle containing P – {p}, i.e. all of the other points in P except p. If the returned circle also encloses p, it is the minimal circle for the whole of P and is returned. Otherwise, point p must lie on the boundary of the result circle.
An illustration of Monte Carlo integration. In this example, the domain D is the inner circle and the domain E is the square. Because the square's area (4) can be easily calculated, the area of the circle (π*1.0 2) can be estimated by the ratio (0.8) of the points inside the circle (40) to the total number of points (50), yielding an approximation for the circle's area of 4*0.8 = 3.2 ≈ π.
As noted above, the iterative solution to the inverse problem fails to converge or converges slowly for nearly antipodal points. An example of slow convergence is (Φ 1, L 1) = (0°, 0°) and (Φ 2, L 2) = (0.5°, 179.5°) for the WGS84 ellipsoid. This requires about 130 iterations to give a result accurate to 1 mm. Depending on how the inverse ...
Not every equation R(x, y) = 0 implies a graph of a single-valued function, the circle equation being one prominent example. Another example is an implicit function given by x − C ( y ) = 0 where C is a cubic polynomial having a "hump" in its graph.
where C is the circumference of a circle, d is the diameter, and r is the radius. More generally, = where L and w are, respectively, the perimeter and the width of any curve of constant width. = where A is the area of a circle. More generally, =
A sequence of regular polygons with numbers of sides equal to powers of two, inscribed in a circle. The ratios between areas or perimeters of consecutive polygons in the sequence give the terms of Viète's formula. Viète obtained his formula by comparing the areas of regular polygons with 2 n and 2 n + 1 sides inscribed in a circle.
The Cesàro equation is obtained as a relation between arc length and curvature. The equation of a circle (including a line) for example is given by the equation () = where is the arc length, the curvature and the radius of the circle.