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For the Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) the rank kingdom has not been used till 2024 [115] (although some authors referred to phyla as kingdoms [73]). The category of kingdom was included into the Bacteriological Code in November 2023, [ 116 ] the first four proposals ( Bacillati , Fusobacteriati , Pseudomonadati , Thermotogati ) were ...
Haeckel's Monera included not only bacterial groups of early discovery but also several small eukaryotic organisms; in fact the genus Vibrio is the only bacterial genus explicitly assigned to the phylum, while others are mentioned indirectly, which led Copeland to speculate that Haeckel considered all bacteria to belong to the genus Vibrio ...
The three-domain system adds a level of classification (the domains) "above" the kingdoms present in the previously used five- or six-kingdom systems.This classification system recognizes the fundamental divide between the two prokaryotic groups, insofar as Archaea appear to be more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to other prokaryotes – bacteria-like organisms with no cell nucleus.
The occurrence of duplicate genes between otherwise distantly-related bacteria makes it nearly impossible to distinguish bacterial species, count the bacterial species on the Earth, or organize them into a tree-like structure (unless the structure includes cross-connections between branches, making it a "network" instead of a "tree").
Combined with the five-kingdom model, this created a six-kingdom model, where the kingdom Monera is replaced by the kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea. [16] This six-kingdom model is commonly used in recent US high school biology textbooks, but has received criticism for compromising the current scientific consensus. [ 13 ]
Originally, Linnaeus established three kingdoms in his scheme, namely for Plants, Animals and an additional group for minerals, which has long since been abandoned. Since then, various life forms have been moved into three new kingdoms: Monera, for prokaryotes (i.e., bacteria); Protista, for protozoans and most algae; and Fungi.
The ancestors of bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. [11] For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life.
High G+C Gram-positive bacteria Terrabacteria "Margulisiibacteriota" corrig. Anantharaman et al. 2016 "Saganbacteria" Terrabacteria: Cyanobacteriota: Oren, Mares & Rippka 2022 Blue-green algae "Blackallbacteria" "Vampirovibrionia" "Tanganyikabacteria" Terrabacteria "Bipolaricaulota" Hao et al. 2018 KB1 "Acetothermia" (OP1) "Fraserbacteria ...